Abstract
Thus, the urgent need for intelligent real-time monitoring solutions that can boost energy yield, reduce downtime and enable predictive maintenance is being created by the rapid proliferation of solar photovoltaic (PV) plants. This empirical study describes the design, implementation and performance assessment of the IoT-based smart monitoring systems that have been developed to collect and store the performance data of grid-connected as well as off-grid solar PV installations. distributed sensor nodes measuring irradiance, module temperature, voltage, current and power output measured using existing cloud based data aggregator, hosted using a web dashboard and mobile application in the proposed system A twelve-month field deployment was undertaken on five PV plants at different scales (5 kWp to 500 kWp) in diverse climatic zones of India. Empirical data gathered from 14,400 hourly observation points underwent descriptive statistics, regression modeling, and fault detection accuracy an